SALT LAKE CITY — With spring in full swing and temperatures on the rise, Utah’s rattlesnakes are starting to emerge from their winter dens. As hikers, bikers, and nature lovers hit the trails and backcountry, wildlife officials are reminding everyone to stay alert and take precautions to avoid unwanted encounters with these native reptiles.

Utah is home to five species of rattlesnakes, with the Great Basin rattlesnake being the most commonly encountered. Though often feared, rattlesnakes play a vital role in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and offering shelter to other wildlife through their dens.

“They’re an important part of our environment,” said Alyssa Hoekstra, Native Herpetology Coordinator with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR). “Understanding rattlesnake behavior and knowing how to avoid interactions is key to staying safe while enjoying Utah’s outdoors.”

Where and When to Expect Rattlesnakes

Rattlesnakes are most active in the late spring and early summer, particularly at dawn and dusk. They can be found in rocky benches, high-elevation slopes, dry canyons, and occasionally at lower elevations. Thanks to their excellent camouflage, hikers often pass close to them without even noticing.

Despite their intimidating appearance, rattlesnakes are not aggressive and rarely bite unless threatened. In fact, under Utah law, it is illegal to harass or kill a rattlesnake.

Tips for Staying Safe on the Trail

If you encounter a rattlesnake while hiking or recreating outdoors, the best approach is to remain calm and give the snake plenty of space — at least 10 feet.

Other safety tips include:

• Always watch where you step or place your hands.
• Check behind rocks and logs before sitting.
• Keep children and pets close by.
• Don’t throw objects at the snake or try to kill it.
• Alert others nearby if you see a rattlesnake.

“Rattlesnakes fear people and will typically try to escape if given the chance,” said Hoekstra. “Avoiding them is the safest and smartest option.”

If a rattlesnake is in a public area or becomes a recurring problem in a residential space, contact your nearest DWR office rather than taking action yourself.

Keeping Pets Safe

Dogs are particularly vulnerable to rattlesnake encounters. Officials recommend keeping pets leashed on trails and avoiding letting them roam off-path. Rattlesnake aversion training is another tool available to pet owners, helping dogs learn to steer clear of danger.

Veterinarians also advise pet owners to check in advance whether local emergency vet clinics stock antivenom, as not all facilities carry it.

What to Do if Bitten

While rattlesnake bites are rare, they are serious and require immediate medical attention. If bitten:

•  Stay calm and seek hospital care right away.
• Do not try to suck out the venom.
• Avoid applying ice, heat, or a tourniquet.

Those who frequently explore remote areas without cell service may want to consider investing in a satellite phone for emergencies.

Keeping Snakes Out of Your Yard

Utah residents can reduce rattlesnake visits to their yards by:

• Removing rock, wood, and brush piles.

• Controlling rodent populations.

• Sealing crawl spaces and holes under porches.

• Eliminating standing water.

Know the Difference: Gopher Snake vs. Rattlesnake

Non-venomous gopher snakes are commonly mistaken for rattlesnakes due to similar coloring and behaviors. Gopher snakes hiss loudly, mimic striking postures, and vibrate their tails when threatened. However, they lack the telltale rattle, have round pupils instead of vertical slits, and possess narrower heads.

Still, if you’re unsure, the safest course is to keep your distance and treat any unknown snake as potentially dangerous.

To learn more about rattlesnake safety and identification, visit wildawareutah.org or check out the DWR Wild podcast for additional tips and information.